Interculturality in healthcare, training, and the integration of traditional medicine into healthcare

Abstract

Interculturality in the context of health is a strategic component for reducing inequalities in access to and the quality of health services among indigenous and rural populations. This study analyzes the assumptions of the intercultural paradigm in health, as well as intercultural training and the integration of traditional medicine. The methodology adopted a qualitative integrative review design, based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, regulatory documents, and national and international institutional reports related to interculturality, medical pluralism, and public health policies. The findings show that, although the MAIS-FCI recognizes cultural diversity, collective rights, and medical pluralism, a significant gap persists between the regulatory framework and its actual implementation, especially in indigenous and rural territories. Among the main limitations identified are structural poverty, historical discrimination, geographic isolation, linguistic and communication barriers, as well as insufficient intercultural training for health personnel. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the lack of adapted educational materials and culturally relevant informed consent strategies affects the quality of care and treatment adherence. With regard to traditional medicine, although practices such as midwifery and the use of medicinal plants are formally recognized, their integration into the public health system remains limited by the lack of specific regulations, certification, funding, and coordination protocols.